Stay informed about the latest developments in skid-mounted PV systems, prefabricated photovoltaic containers, containerized energy solutions, and renewable energy innovations across Africa.
Battery Management System (BMS) is the “intelligent manager” of modern battery packs, widely used in fields such as electric vehicles, energy storage stations, and consumer electronics.
Our system level solutions for wired and wireless BMS include not only hardware, but also a completely new wireless protocol stack that supports over-the-air software updates and achieves the highest automotive cybersecurity qualification (ISO 21434 CAL-4).
Low-voltage centralized BMSes mostly do not have any internal communications. Distributed or modular BMSes must use some low-level internal cell–controller (modular architecture) or controller–controller (distributed architecture) communication. These types of communications are difficult, especially for high-voltage systems.
PV array made of cadmium telluride (CdTe) solar panels Cadmium telluride (CdTe) photovoltaics is a photovoltaic (PV) technology based on the use of cadmium telluride in a thin semiconductor layer designed to absorb and convert sunlight into electricity.
Cadmium telluride solar cells are the world’s leading thin-film photovoltaic technology. As of 2023, global installed capacity has surpassed 30 GWp, with about 40% of that capacity located in the United States. Their architecture can be simplified into several stacked layers, from bottom to top:
SETO released the Cadmium Telluride PV Perspective Paper in January 2025, outlining the state of CdTe PV technology and SETO’s priorities to reduce costs, address materials availability, and support the scale-up of CdTe within the domestic utility-scale PV market. A large-scale solar array in Colorado with CdTe modules.
Cadmium telluride photovoltaic cells have negative impacts on both workers and the ecosystem. When inhaled or ingested the materials of CdTe cells are considered to be both toxic and carcinogenic by the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration.
According to Wood Mackenzie’s report, China continues to dominate the solar module manufacturing landscape in terms of scale, but emerging challengers from India, South Korea, and Vietnam are rapidly closing the gap as global production becomes more geographically diverse.
The total module shipments of the top 5 manufacturers nearly reached 300GW in 2023. The major players maintained their leading positions throughout the list. The top four were LONGi, Jinko, Trina and JA Solar, the same order as last year.
N-type modules accounted for the majority of shipments from several top-tier manufacturers. Jinko Solar, the top global shipper, reported that over 87% of its 2024 shipments were N-type. However, TOPCon remained the leading advanced technology, with average conversion efficiencies exceeding 24%.
The top global solar panel manufacturers, based on how many they ship, include JinkoSolar, JA Solar, Trina Solar, and LONGi. However, the best manufacturer for your solar project will depend more on whether their products suit your budget, needs, and lifestyle.
